EX:

1.      Raju, Venkat, Servant, Teacher etc……

2.      Market, Church, Temple, House, Hotel etc……

3.      Cat, lion, rat, tiger, elephant etc…….

4.      Chair, car, mobile, pen etc……..

5.      Anger, beauty, strength, honesty etc……………

·         PRONOUN : ( A word is used instead of a noun )

Pronouns are substitute words.  They are used in the place of nouns to avoid repetition.  Observe carefully the following sentence.

1.      Pramod went to town.

2.      Pramod nought a pen.

3.      Pramod liked the pen.

4.      Pramod wrote a test with that pen.

Here, we are repeating the nouns.  Pramod and pen a few times.  Such repetition sounds awkward and ugly.  So, instead of pramod and pen we use other words.  (He, it)  such words are called pronouns.  Now, the right expression will be as follows.

1.      Pramod went to town.

2.      He bought a pen.

3.      He liked it.

4.      He wrote test with it.

·         VERB :  An action word

              A verb tells the action done by the subject.

EX :-

             You must speak truth always.

             They write a letter.

             We buy a car.

·         ADVERB :  Adding something to the verb ( some times to an adjective or another adverb )

     An adverb describes the action ( verb ).  It tells how an action is done.

How does rani writes?

Ans : writes slowly.

Here, the word, “ slowly “ describes the action word ‘writes’

So ‘slowly’-is an adverb.

2.      The angry man shouted loudly.

How did the angry man shout?

Ans: shouted loudly.

Here, the word “ loudly “ describes the actions word ‘ shouted ‘

So ‘ loudly ‘ – is an adverb.

3.      India fought bravely.

How did India fight?

Ans: fought bravely.

Here, the word “ bravely “ describes the action word ‘ fought ‘

So, ‘bravely’-is an adverb.

·         ADJECTIVE :    an adjective is a word which tells the quantity of a noun or pronoun ( object )

1.       Two children failed in the examination.

How many children failed in the examination?

Ans:  Two children.

Here, the word “two” tells the number of the noun ( children )

So, the word two – is an adjective.

2.       Many students attended the seminar.

How many attended the seminar?

Ans:  many students.

Here, the word “ many tells the numbers of the – noun, ‘ people ‘.

So, many – is an adjective.

3.       She bought one packet of milk.

How much milk did she buy?

Ans: one packet.

Here, the word, “ one “ tells the quantity of the noun-‘ packet ‘.

So, one – is an adjective.

·         PREPOSITION : A preposition is a word that shows where a person or thing is, it is placed or kept before a noun or pronoun.

1.       Your book is on the table.

2.       Boys are playing in the street.

3.       We have a party on Sunday.

4.       The thief came through the back door.

·         CONJUNCTION :  Conjunctions are joining words.  They join words or sentences.

1.       Ramesh is playing.  Ramu is also playing.

We can make those two sentences into one by using the conjunction “ and “as follows.

Ramesh and ramu are playing.

2.       Geeta is dancing.  Vimala is singing.

Geeta is dancing but vimala is singing

( but- is a conjunction )

·         INTERJECTION : Some times a speaker interjects words almost in a shouting tone.  They startle the hearer as they expression sudden feeling of the mind – joy, grief, surprise, approval, rebuke, hatred or attention etc.

Observe the following sentences :-

1.       Hello ! how are you?

2.       Hurrah ! we have won the match.

3.       Alas ! I am ruined.

4.       Ha ! what a nice hit.

5.       Ah ! my mother has met with an accident.

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